Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD)
A comprehensive overview of meibomian gland dysfunction, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management.
Tear System Disorder
H02.88AโH02.88B
Evaporative Dry Eye
Yes (often chronic)
Overview
Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a chronic disorder of the meibomian glands characterized by obstruction of gland openings and/or abnormal meibum secretion. It is the leading cause of evaporative dry eye disease and contributes to tear film instability, ocular surface inflammation, and visual fluctuations.
Symptoms & Signs
- Dryness and burning
- Foreign body sensation
- Fluctuating vision
- Red eyelid margins
- Foamy tear film
- Contact lens intolerance
Risk Factors
- Advancing age
- Rosacea
- Demodex blepharitis
- Chronic blepharitis
- Prolonged screen use
- Low blink rate
- Contact lens wear
Diagnosis
- Slit-lamp examination
- Meibomian gland expression
- Tear break-up time (TBUT)
- Meibography
- Ocular surface staining
- Tear osmolarity when indicated
Differential Diagnosis
| Condition | Distinguishing Feature |
|---|---|
| Aqueous-deficient dry eye | Reduced tear production |
| Blepharitis | Prominent lid margin inflammation |
| Allergic conjunctivitis | Intense itching and chemosis |
| Exposure keratopathy | Incomplete eyelid closure |
Treatment
- Warm compresses
- Lid massage and hygiene
- Preservative-free artificial tears
- Oral doxycycline or azithromycin (selected patients)
- Thermal pulsation or gland expression procedures
- Treat associated rosacea or Demodex infestation
Complications
- Evaporative dry eye disease
- Recurrent chalazia
- Corneal staining
- Blurred vision
- Reduced quality of life
Common ICD-10 Codes
| Code | Description |
|---|---|
| H02.88A | Meibomian gland dysfunction, right eye |
| H02.88B | Meibomian gland dysfunction, left eye |
| H04.123 | Dry eye syndrome, bilateral (commonly associated) |
| H01.009 | Blepharitis, unspecified (if present) |
Frequently Asked Questions
Is MGD the same as dry eye?
No. MGD is a common cause of evaporative dry eye, but dry eye disease has multiple causes.
Can MGD be cured?
MGD is usually chronic. With regular treatment and maintenance, symptoms can often be controlled effectively.
Medical Disclaimer
The information provided on Kardia Vision is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Consult an eye care professional if you experience persistent dry eye symptoms, eyelid inflammation, pain, or vision changes.