Comprehensive Guide to Orbital Disorders and Their Symptoms

Orbital Disorders Flash Cards

Thyroid Eye Disease

An autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the orbit characterized by extraocular muscle enlargement, proptosis, eyelid retraction, exposure keratopathy, and diplopia.

Orbital Cellulitis

A sight-threatening infection of the orbital tissues posterior to the orbital septum, typically presenting with pain, proptosis, ophthalmoplegia, and decreased vision.

Preseptal Cellulitis

An infection of the eyelid and periocular tissues located anterior to the orbital septum without orbital involvement or restriction of eye movements.

Idiopathic Orbital Inflammatory Syndrome

A noninfectious inflammatory condition of the orbit, also known as orbital pseudotumor, causing acute orbital pain, proptosis, eyelid swelling, and restricted eye movements.

Orbital Myositis

An inflammatory disorder involving one or more extraocular muscles, resulting in painful eye movements, diplopia, eyelid swelling, and restricted ocular motility.

Carotid-Cavernous Fistula

An abnormal communication between the carotid arterial system and the cavernous sinus, producing pulsatile proptosis, conjunctival chemosis, corkscrew episcleral vessels, and elevated intraocular pressure.

Orbital Varix

A congenital venous malformation of the orbit that enlarges with Valsalva maneuver or bending forward, causing intermittent proptosis and orbital discomfort.

Orbital Hemorrhage

An accumulation of blood within the orbit resulting from trauma, surgery, or vascular abnormalities that may rapidly increase orbital pressure and threaten vision.

Dermoid Cyst

A benign congenital choristoma containing ectodermal tissue, commonly presenting as a painless, slowly enlarging orbital mass in children.

Orbital Lymphangioma

A congenital low-flow vascular malformation that may enlarge following spontaneous hemorrhage, causing proptosis, diplopia, and vision impairment.

Cavernous Venous Malformation

The most common benign orbital tumor in adults, characterized by a slow-growing, encapsulated venous malformation that typically causes painless progressive proptosis.

Orbital Tumors

A diverse group of benign and malignant orbital neoplasms that may present with proptosis, diplopia, pain, globe displacement, or progressive vision loss.

Orbital Lymphoma

A malignant lymphoid tumor of the orbit that commonly presents with painless progressive proptosis, eyelid swelling, or a palpable orbital mass in older adults.

Rhabdomyosarcoma

The most common primary malignant orbital tumor in children, typically causing rapidly progressive unilateral proptosis, eyelid edema, and restricted eye movements.

Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma

A slow-growing benign tumor arising from the meninges surrounding the optic nerve that causes progressive vision loss, optic disc changes, and occasionally proptosis.

Orbital Fracture

A fracture of one or more orbital walls, most commonly a blowout fracture, resulting from blunt facial trauma and potentially causing diplopia, enophthalmos, and extraocular muscle entrapment.

Orbital Foreign Body

A retained metallic, organic, or inorganic object within the orbit following penetrating trauma that may lead to infection, inflammation, restricted eye movements, or vision loss.

Proptosis

Anterior displacement of the globe caused by orbital inflammation, tumors, vascular abnormalities, infection, or endocrine disease such as thyroid eye disease.

Enophthalmos

Posterior displacement of the globe within the orbit, commonly resulting from orbital fractures, fat atrophy, or decreased orbital volume.

Superior Orbital Fissure Syndrome

A neuro-ophthalmic syndrome caused by lesions involving the superior orbital fissure, producing ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, pupillary abnormalities, and sensory loss in the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve.

👁